Greetings Sarbatapala,
There is no "difference" of opinions with regards to the Islamic belief of the afterlife. Much of what you have written is grossly incorrect and misleading.
In brief Islam teaches that this world is a test for us and we are in it for an appointed time which only God has knowledge of. Islam also teaches the continued existence of the soul and a transformed physical existence after death. Muslims believe that there will be a day of judgment when all humans will be divided between the eternal destinations of Paradise and Hell after being judged for how we lived our lives.
After our deaths until the day of judgement our souls will remain in our graves which is called the stage of Barzakh (The stage between Life and the day of reckoning) until the Last Day, on which the world will be destroyed and Allah will raise all people and jinn from the dead to be judged. We will not be raised up until the day of resurection.
After death the souls will begin to feel immediately a taste of their destiny to come. Those bound for hell will suffer in their graves, while those bound for heaven will be in peace until that time.Only Allah knows the fate of those who died not anyone else.
The resurrection that will take place on the Last Day is physical, and is explained by suggesting that God will re-create the decayed body (17:100: "Could they not see that God who created the heavens and the earth is able to create the like of them"?).
On the Last Day, resurrected humans and jinn will be judged by Allah according to their deeds. One's eternal destination depends on balance of good to bad deeds in life. They are either granted admission to Paradise, where they will enjoy spiritual and physical pleasures forever, or condemned to Hell to suffer spiritual and physical torment for eternity.
If you do have any further questions then please do not hesitate to ask. Thank you