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amardeep

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Posts posted by amardeep

  1. ਬਾਵਨ ਕਵੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਢਿਗ ਰਹੈ। ਮਨਿਆ ਉਨ ਮਹਿ ਗੁਨੀਆ ਅਹੈ।
    ਸ੍ਰੀ ਮੁਖ ਤੋਂ ਕਲਗੀਧਰ ਆਪੈ। ਬੀਰ ਰਸ ਕੀ ਕਥਾ ਅਲਾਪੈ।
    ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ਚਰਿਤਰ ਮਧ ਹੈ ਜਾਨੋ। ਖੜਗ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਾ ਯੁਧ ਪਛਾਨੋ।
    ਜਿਸ ਤੇ ਸੁਨਤ ਕਾਇਰਤਾ ਭਾਗੈ।ਧਰਮ ਜੁਧ ਮਹਿ ਹੋਈ ਅਨੁਰਾਗੇ।
    (ਚੋਪਈ 47, ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਬਿਲਾਸ ਕਵੀ ਸੇਵਾ ਸਿੰਘ)

  2. In the history of Sikhism it has been firmly established that the Khatri caste played a significant
    role in the development of the medieval Sikh community. Moreover, the Khatris in the Mughal
    period grew into a prominent commercial and scribal caste. However it has never been considered
    why Sikhism, in the context of the Khatri’s medieval commercial expansion, attracted
    a large Khatri following. In this article I endeavour to explore the appeal of Sikhism to the
    medieval Khatri community by examining early Sikh thought on trade and commerce. In addition,
    I attempt to embed the influence of Sikhism within the development of the medieval Khatri
    merchant family. And consider how the growth of the Khatri merchant network resulted in the
    spread of Sikhism across Mughal north India.

     

    http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.885.9901&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  3. Gurfateh

    Can anyone help out with an interpretation of the below bani in terms of Babur and the conquest of Khurasan:

    ਖੁਰਾਸਾਨ (khuraasaan)

    Meaning: noun: Khurasan or Khorasan, the Persian province of Khorasan, a vast historical region presently lying in northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan and northern Afghanistan.

    Quote:
    ਖੁਰਾਸਾਨ ਖਸਮਾਨਾ ਕੀਆ   ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੁ ਡਰਾਇਆ॥
    (ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖ ਨੇ) ਖੁਰਾਸਾਨ ਦਾ ਖਸਮਾਨਾ ਕੀਤਾ (ਖਸਮ ਵਾਲਾ ਬਿਰਦ ਕਰਕੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਬਰ ਰੂਪ ਜਮ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਾ ਲਿਆ ਅਤੇ) ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਭੈ-ਭੀਤ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਹੈ। 

    khuraasaan khasmaanaa keeaa   hiňdustaan ḍaraaiaa.
    (The Creator) has owned or protected Khurasan and has terrified Hindustan (through the agency of Babur). -Guru Nanak Sahib, Guru Granth Sahib, 360

     

    Notes: Generally, the quote is interpreted as “Having conquered Khurasan, Babur invaded Hindustan.” However, it is not very clear if Babur ever conquered or ruled Khurasan region.

    Historical sources tell us that Khurasan was ruled by Genghis Khan, Timur, the Afghans, Iranian Safavid  kings, and Nader Shah. The Iranian Safavid kings ruled Khurasan from 1502–1736. So when did Babur conquer Khurasan?

    1380ecab-8ea4-4918-9565-c802f35ed8e4.jpg At the age of 12, Babur succeeded his father Umar Shaikh Mirza of Fergana (now in Uzbekistan) and reigned there from 1494-97 and 1498-1500. 

    From 1497-98, 1500-01, and 1511-12, Babur ruled over Samarkand, a city currently in Uzbekistan. In 1504, he became ruler of Kabul where he reigned until 1526. It was from here that he began his conquest of Hindustan, which was then ruled by the Afghan Lodi dynasty. 

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